SpringBoot(JAVA)整合微信公众号消息推送

网上那些都是零零碎碎的，不完整，重新整理下，代码可直接使用。
微信公众号消息推送大致分为两类，一是文本推送，二是带图片/视频推送。
文本推送很好理解，可以用模板消息以及自定义消息推送。
图文/视频推送就稍微麻烦些步骤分为 上传素材到临时/永久库->上传图文消息->消息推送。
贴几个官方文档，有总比没有好。
群发推送官网文档：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message_Management/Batch_Sends_and_Originality_Checks.html
上传素材官方文档：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Asset_Management/New_temporary_materials.html
官方素材上传调试平台：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/apiinfo?t=index&type=%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81&form=%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%20/media/upload

一、文本推送

这里文本推送，可以采取模板和自定义推送内容。以下是模板方式推送，在图片/视频推送中会使用自定义内容推送演示。

首先需要在微信公众号上把测试的环境弄好。
点击开发者工具->公众平台测试账号。进去创建好对应的消息模板以及关注该测试的公众号。里面会有appID/appsecret，用户，模板以及能体验接口的信息，没有认证的微信号，有些接口是没有权限的，而且部分接口在没有认证的情况下每天都会有调用次数限制。


添加依赖，因为项目里面用了自己的http封装类，需替换下

	dependency>
	    groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3/groupId>
	    artifactId>okhttp/artifactId>
	    version>5.0.0-alpha.14/version>
	/dependency>
	dependency>
	    groupId>com.squareup.okio/groupId>
	    artifactId>okio/artifactId>
	    version>3.6.0/version>
	/dependency>

WxToken
用于生成请求接口token

/**
 * 存储微信公众号Token的POJO类
 *
 * @author zjw
 * @description
 */
public class WxToken {

    // 存储token信息
    private String accessToken;

    // 10:00:00
    // 12:00:00
    // 存储当前的token有效期到什么时间点
    private Long expire;

    public String getAccessToken() {
        // 获取token之前，需要先判断生存时间到了没
        return expire == null || expire  (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000) ? null : this.accessToken;
    }

    public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
        this.accessToken = accessToken;
    }

    public Long getExpire() {
        return expire;
    }

    public void setExpire(Long expire) {
        this.expire = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 + expire;
    }
}

WxMagPushReq
这里要注意下模板的填充值data的格式，keyword1就是你在模板里面所需要替换的参数名称，后面value就是参数的值，模板里面的参数是和传入的参数需一一对应

@Data
@Schema(description = "微信消息推送部分用户实体")
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL) //这个注解是用于实体转JSON的时候，空值就在转换的时候排除掉
public class WxMagPushReq {
    @Schema(description = "用户openid")
    private ListString> openIdList;

    @NotBlank(message = "模板id不能为空")
    @Schema(description = "模板id")
    private String templateId;
    @Schema(description = "模板需填充的值，keyword1就是模板里面需替换的参数名 如：{" +
            "                   "keyword1":{n" +
            "                       "value":"巧克力"n" +
            "                   },n" +
            "                   "keyword2": {n" +
            "                       "value":"39.8元"n" +
            "                   },n"+
            "                   }")

    @NotBlank(message = "模板需填充的值不能为空")
    private String data;
}

controller
Result 是自定义的返回类，换成自己的即可

 /**
     * 微信公众号消息推送--需选用户openId发送
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--需选用户openId发送")
    @PostMapping("/wxMsgPush")
    public Result wxMsgPush(@RequestBody @Valid WxMagPushReq wxMagPushReq) {
        return messageService.wxMsgPush(wxMagPushReq);
    }

service

    Result wxMsgPush(WxMagPushReq wxMagPushReq);

serviceImpl
因为未认证的微信群发接口无法请求，采用循环发送的方式。

@Value("${weixin.msg.secret}")
    private String secret;
    @Value("${weixin.msg.appid}")
    private String appid;
    private static WxToken wxToken = new WxToken();
    
 	@Override
    public Result wxMsgPush(WxMagPushReq wxMagPushReq) {
        //1、拿到请求路径
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + getTokenString();
        if (wxMagPushReq == null || wxMagPushReq.getOpenIdList().size() == 0 || StringUtils.isEmpty(wxMagPushReq.getData()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(wxMagPushReq.getTemplateId())) {
            throw ServiceException.error(ErrorCode.PARAM_EXCEPTION, "参数为空");
        }
        //装推送失败的openId
        ListString> list = new LinkedList>();
        //传入的openId去重
        ListString> collect = wxMagPushReq.getOpenIdList().stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
        for (String openId : collect) {
            //2、请求参数
            String params = "{n" +
                    "           "touser":"" + openId + "",n" +
                    "           "template_id":"" + wxMagPushReq.getTemplateId() + "",n" +
                    "            "data":" + wxMagPushReq.getData() +
//                    "           "data":{n" +
//                    "                   "tel":{n" +
//                    "                       "value":"18700000000"n" +
//                    "                   }n" +
//                        "           }n" +
                    "       }";
            HttpRequest request = HttpUtil.createPost(url);
            request.body(params);
            String str = request.execute().body();
            JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(str);
            Integer errcode = json.getInteger("errcode");
            if (0 != errcode) {
                list.add(openId);
            }
        }
        return Result.ok(list);
    }
    
    //用于生成认证token    
    private String getToken() {
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret;
        //2、基于doGet方法，调用地址获取Token
        HttpRequest request = HttpUtil.createGet(url);
        String resultJSON = request.execute().body();
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(resultJSON);
        String accessToken = jsonObject.getString("access_token");
        Long expiresIn = jsonObject.getLong("expires_in");
        //3、存储到WxToken对象里
        wxToken.setAccessToken(accessToken);
        wxToken.setExpire(expiresIn);
        //4、返回Token
        return wxToken.getAccessToken();
    }

    public String getTokenString() {
        // 从对象中获取accessToken
        String accessToken = wxToken.getAccessToken();
        // 获取的accessToken为null，可能之前没获取，可能过期了
        if (accessToken == null) {
            // 加锁
            synchronized (wxToken) {
                // 再次判断
                if (wxToken.getAccessToken() == null) {
                    getToken();
                }
            }
        }
        return wxToken.getAccessToken();
    }

代码中注释掉的tel就是模板中对应的参数名称。

启动项目就可以测试了，请求成功，所关注的公众号会发一条推送的信息过来。

二、图文推送

把图片/视频称为素材，带素材推送步骤。上传素材到临时/永久库->上传图文消息->消息推送。
之前看社区说永久的素材库不能使用，下面的示例采用的是临时库。

注：上传素材的时候会返回media_id这个ID在上传图文消息的时候需要用到，上传图文消息的时候也会返回media_id，这个ID在消息推送的时候也会用到。

WxMagPushAllReq

@Data
@Schema(description = "微信消息推送全部用户实体")
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
public class WxMagPushAllReq {

    @Schema(description = "1-文本，2图文，当发送图文消息时，mediaId不能为空")
    private String type;
//    @NotBlank(message = "消息内容不能为空")
    @Schema(description = "图文mediaId")
    private String mediaId;
//    @NotBlank(message = "消息内容不能为空")
    @Schema(description = "消息内容")
    private String content;

}

WxTuwen

@Data
public class WxTuwen {
    //图片media_id
    @Schema(description = "图片media_id")
    private String thumb_media_id;
    @Schema(description = "图文消息的作者")
    //图文消息的作者
    private String author;
    @Schema(description = "标题")
    //标题
    private String title;
    @Schema(description = "在图文消息页面点击“阅读原文”后的页面，受安全限制，如需跳转Appstore，可以使用itun.es或appsto.re的短链服务，并在短链后增加 #wechat_redirect 后缀")
    //在图文消息页面点击“阅读原文”后的页面，受安全限制，如需跳转Appstore，可以使用itun.es或appsto.re的短链服务，并在短链后增加 #wechat_redirect 后缀。
    private String content_source_url;
    @Schema(description = "图文消息页面的内容")
    //图文消息页面的内容，支持HTML标签。
    private String content;
    @Schema(description = "图文消息的描述")
    //图文消息的描述，如本字段为空
    private String digest;
    @Schema(description = "是否显示封面，1为显示，0为不显示")
    //是否显示封面，1为显示，0为不显示
    private Integer show_cover_pic;
}

controller

    @Operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--推送全部用户")
    @PostMapping("/wxMsgPushAll")
    public Result wxMsgPushAll(@RequestBody @Valid WxMagPushAllReq wxMagPushAllReq) {
        return messageService.wxMsgPushAll(wxMagPushAllReq);
    }
    
    @Operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--上传临时素材")
    @PostMapping("/addMaterial")
    public Result addMaterial(@RequestParam("media") MultipartFile media, @RequestParam("type") String type) {
        return messageService.addMaterial(media,type);
    }

    @Operation(summary = "微信公众号消息推送--上传图文消息素材")
    @PostMapping("/uploadnews")
    public Result uploadnews(@RequestBody @Valid WxTuwen wxTuwen) {
        return messageService.uploadnews(wxTuwen);
    }

serveice

    Result wxMsgPushAll(WxMagPushAllReq wxMagPushAllReq);
    Result addMaterial(MultipartFile media, String type);
    Result uploadnews(WxTuwen wxTuwen);

serviceImpl

	@Value("${weixin.msg.secret}")
    private String secret;
    @Value("${weixin.msg.appid}")
    private String appid;
    private static WxToken wxToken = new WxToken();
   
    @Override
    public Result wxMsgPushAll(WxMagPushAllReq wxMagPushAllReq) {
        String list = getWxUserOpenid(getTokenString(), "", "");
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(list)) {
            return Result.ok();
        }
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/send?access_token=" + getTokenString();
        //预览接口，可以看推送的效果
//        String url = " https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/preview?access_token=" + getTokenString();
        String params = "";
        if ("1".equals(wxMagPushAllReq.getType())) {
        //自定义推送内容
            params = "{n" +
                    "           "touser":[" + list.substring(0, list.length() - 1) + "],n" +
                    "           "msgtype": "text",n" +
                    "           "text": { "content": "" + wxMagPushAllReq.getContent() + ""}" +
                    "       }";
        } else {
        //带图文推送消息
            params = "{n" +            
                 "   "touser":[" + list.substring(0, list.length() - 1) + "],n" +
                    "   "mpnews":{n" +
                    "      "media_id":"" + wxMagPushAllReq.getMediaId() + ""n" +
                    "   },n" +
                    "    "msgtype":"mpnews",n" +
                    "    "send_ignore_reprint":0n" +
                    "}";
        }
        HttpRequest request = HttpUtil.createPost(url);
        request.body(params);
        String str = request.execute().body();
        System.out.println(str);
        return Result.ok(str);
    }
    
 	@Override
    public Result addMaterial(MultipartFile media, String type) {
        try {
            String mediaId = uploadFile(transferToFile(media), getTokenString(), type);
            return Result.ok(mediaId);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Result uploadnews(WxTuwen wxTuwen) {
    	//如需处理多个图文，修改为循环处理
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/uploadnews?access_token=" + getTokenString();
        String str = JSONObject.toJSONString(wxTuwen);
        str = "{" + ""articles":[" + str + "]" + "}";
        HttpRequest request = HttpUtil.createPost(url);
        request.body(str);
        String body = request.execute().body();
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(body);
        return Result.ok(jsonObject.getString("media_id"));
    }

    //将类型MultipartFile转为file类型
    public File transferToFile(MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            File convFile = new File(file.getOriginalFilename());
            convFile.createNewFile();
            InputStream in = file.getInputStream();
            OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(convFile);
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int read;
            while ((read = in.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                out.write(bytes, 0, read);
            }
            return convFile;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
    }
    //上传到临时库，返回一个ID
     public String uploadFile(File file, String accessToken, String type) throws Exception {
        //临时素材地址
        String url1 = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=" + accessToken + "&type=" + type;
        //永久素材的地址
//        String url1 = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/material/add_material?access_token=" + accessToken + "&type=" + type;
        if (!file.exists() || !file.isFile()) {
            throw new IOException("文件不存在！");
        }
        URL urlObj = new URL(url1);
        //连接
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) urlObj.openConnection();

        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        conn.setUseCaches(false);

        //请求头
        conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
        //conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","multipart/form-data;");

        //设置边界
        String BOUNDARY = "----------" + System.currentTimeMillis();
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data;boundary=" + BOUNDARY);

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("--");
        sb.append(BOUNDARY);
        sb.append("rn");
        sb.append("Content-Disposition:form-data;name="file";filename="" + file.getName() + ""rn");
        sb.append("Content-Type:application/octet-streamrnrn");
        System.out.println(sb);
        byte[] head = sb.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");

        //输出流
        OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());

        out.write(head);

        //文件正文部分
        DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
        int bytes = 0;
        byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];
        while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {
            out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);
        }
        in.close();

        //结尾
        byte[] foot = ("rn--" + BOUNDARY + "--rn").getBytes("utf-8");
        out.write(foot);
        out.flush();
        out.close();

        //获取响应
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        String result = null;

        reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
        String line = null;
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            buffer.append(line);
        }
        if (result == null) {
            result = buffer.toString();
        }
        reader.close();

        //需要添加json-lib  jar包
        JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
        System.out.println(json);
        String mediaId = json.getString("thumb_media_id");
        return result;
    }

//根据appid和secretaccess_token
     private String getToken() {
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret;
        //2、基于doGet方法，调用地址获取Token
        HttpRequest request = HttpUtil.createGet(url);
        String resultJSON = request.execute().body();
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(resultJSON);
        String accessToken = jsonObject.getString("access_token");
        Long expiresIn = jsonObject.getLong("expires_in");
        //3、存储到WxToken对象里
        wxToken.setAccessToken(accessToken);
        wxToken.setExpire(expiresIn);
        //4、返回Token
        return wxToken.getAccessToken();
    }

    public String getTokenString() {
        // 从对象中获取accessToken
        String accessToken = wxToken.getAccessToken();
        // 获取的accessToken为null，可能之前没获取，可能过期了
        if (accessToken == null) {
            // 加锁
            synchronized (wxToken) {
                // 再次判断
                if (wxToken.getAccessToken() == null) {
                    getToken();
                }
            }
        }
        return wxToken.getAccessToken();
    }