SQL 50 题（MySQL 版，包括建库建表、插入数据等完整过程，适合复习 SQL 知识点） - 机房托管|北京机房租用|IDC机柜租用租赁|电信联通移动机房机柜|带宽租用-价格及费用咨询

1.建库建表
2.插入数据
3.SQL 50 题
- 3.1.✨SQL 01——查询”01″课程比”02″课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
- 3.2.SQL 02——查询”01″课程比”02″课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数
- 3.3.SQL 03——查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩
- 3.4.✨SQL 04——查询平均成绩小于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩（包括有成绩的和无成绩的）
- 3.5.SQL 05——查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
- 3.6.SQL 06——查询”李”姓老师的数量
- 3.7.✨SQL 07——查询学过”张三”老师授课的同学的信息
- 3.8.SQL 08——查询没学过”张三”老师授课的同学的信息
- 3.9.SQL 09——查询学过编号为”01″并且也学过编号为”02″的课程的同学的信息
- 3.10.✨SQL 10——查询学过编号为”01″但是没有学过编号为”02″的课程的同学的信息
- 3.11.SQL 11——查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
- 3.12.SQL 12——查询至少有一门课与学号为”01″的同学所学相同的同学的信息
- 3.13.✨SQL 13——查询和”01″号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
- 3.14.SQL 14——查询没学过”张三”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
- 3.15.✨SQL 15——查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
- 3.16.SQL 16——检索”01″课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
- 3.17.SQL 17——按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
- 3.18.✨SQL 18——查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程名称，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率。及格为 60-70，中等为 71-80，优良为 81-90，优秀为 >= 91。
- 3.19.✨SQL 19——按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名，成绩重复时合并名次
- 3.20.✨SQL 20——查询学生的总成绩并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺
- 3.21.SQL 21——查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分，并从高到低显示
- 3.22.SQL 22——查询所有课程的成绩第 2 名到第 3 名的学生信息及该课程成绩
- 3.23.✨SQL 23——统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[0-60]及所占百分比
- 3.24.SQL 24——查询学生平均成绩及其名次
- 3.25.SQL 25——查询各科成绩前三名的记录
- 3.26.SQL 26——查询每门课程被选修的学生数
- 3.27.SQL 27——查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
- 3.28.SQL 28——查询男生、女生人数
- 3.29.SQL 29——查询名字中含有”风”字的学生信息
- 3.30.✨SQL 30——查询同姓名同性别学生名单，并统计同名人数
- 3.31.SQL 31——查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
- 3.32.✨SQL 32——查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
- 3.33.SQL 33——查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
- 3.34.SQL 34——查询课程名称为”数学”，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
- 3.35.SQL 35——查询所有学生的课程及分数情况
- 3.36.SQL 36——查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
- 3.37.SQL 37——查询不及格的课程的学生姓名、课程名称和分数
- 3.38.SQL 38——查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
- 3.39.SQL 39——求每门课程的学生人数
- 3.40.✨SQL 40——查询选修”张三”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
- 3.41.SQL 41——查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
- 3.42.✨SQL 42——查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
- 3.43.SQL 43——统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计），要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
- 3.44.SQL 44——查询至少选修两门课程的学生学号
- 3.45.SQL 45——查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
- 3.46.✨SQL 46——查询各学生的年龄
- 3.47.SQL 47——查询本周过生日的学生
- 3.48.SQL 48——查询下周过生日的学生
- 3.49.SQL 49——查询本月过生日的学生
- 3.50.SQL 50——查询下月过生日的学生

① 本文整理了经典的 50 道 SQL 题目，文本分为建库建表、插入数据以及 SQL 50 题这三个部分。
② 这些题目许多博主也整理过，但本人不太了解这些题目具体的出处。第一次了解这些题目是本科期间老师出的题目。如果有网友知道这些题目的最原始出处，可以在评论评论区中告知。
③ 本文所使用的 MySQL 版本为 5.5，虽然版本有一点旧，但是对 SQL 知识点的复习没有太大的影响（除了一些旧版没有的函数）。
④ 由于本文旨在对 SQL 基础知识进行复习，并且所涉及的数据量也十分的小，所以在编写 SQL 语句时，并未过多考虑 SQL 优化的方面。如果读者有其它的解法或者发现错误之处，可在评论区留言，笔者在看到后会及时更新！

1.建库建表

（1）建库：创建一个名为 sqlpractice 的数据库。
（2）建表：建立 student、course、teacher 和 score 这 4 张表。它们的字段以及之间的关系如下图所示。

（3）建库建表的完整 SQL 语句如下所示。

# 建库
create database sqlpractice;
use sqlpractice;

# 建立 Student 学生表
CREATE TABLE Student(
s_id VARCHAR(20),
s_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
s_birth VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, 
s_sex VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(s_id)	# 主键
);

# 建立 Course 课程表
CREATE TABLE Course(
c_id VARCHAR(20),
c_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
t_id VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(c_id)	# 主键
);

# 建立 Teacher 教师表
CREATE TABLE Teacher(
t_id VARCHAR(20),
t_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(t_id)	# 主键
);

# 建立 Score 分数表
CREATE TABLE Score(
s_id VARCHAR(20),
c_id VARCHAR(20),
s_score INT(3),
PRIMARY KEY(s_id, c_id)  # 联合主键
);

# 添加外键
# 语法：ALTER TABLE 从表 ADD FOREIGN KEY(外键字段) REFERENCES 主表(主键字段)
ALTER TABLE Course ADD FOREIGN KEY(t_id) REFERENCES Teacher(t_id)
ALTER TABLE Score ADD FOREIGN KEY(s_id) REFERENCES Student(s_id)
ALTER TABLE Score ADD FOREIGN KEY(c_id) REFERENCES Course(c_id)

2.插入数据

（1）向上面创建的 4 张表中插入测试数据的 SQL 语句如下所示（需要注意表之间的关系，以免插入数据失败）。

# 分别向四张表中插入数据
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('01', '赵雷', '1990-01-01', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('02', '钱电', '1990-12-21', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('03', '孙风', '1990-05-20', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('04', '李云', '1990-08-06', '男');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('05', '周梅', '1991-12-01', '女');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('06', '吴兰', '1992-03-01', '女');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('07', '郑竹', '1989-07-01', '女');
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('08', '王菊', '1990-01-20', '女');

INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('01', '张三');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('02', '李四');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('03', '王五');

INSERT INTO Course VALUES('01', '语文', '02');
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('02', '数学', '01');
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('03', '英语', '03');

INSERT INTO Score VALUES('01', '01', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('01', '02', 90);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('01', '03', 99);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('02', '01', 70);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('02', '02', 60);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('02', '03', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('03', '01', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('03', '02', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('03', '03', 80);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('04', '01', 50);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('04', '02', 30);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('04', '03', 20);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('05', '01', 76);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('05', '02', 87);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('06', '01', 31);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('06', '03', 34);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('07', '02', 89);
INSERT INTO Score VALUES('07', '03', 98);

（2）检验插入数据是否成功

SELECT * FROM Student;
SELECT * FROM Course;
SELECT * FROM Teacher;
SELECT * FROM Score;

Student 表

Course 表

Teacher 表

Score 表

3.SQL 50 题

3.1.✨SQL 01——查询”01″课程比”02″课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

# 本题需要比较"01"课程比"02"课程的成绩，故在 where 中将 score 表中的字段 s_score 使用 2 次（即分别对应"01"课程的成绩和"02"课程的成绩）
# 所以可以使用为 s_score 表取别名的方式来多次使用 score 表中的字段
SELECT
	student.*,
	score1.s_score 
FROM
	student,
	score AS score1,
	score AS score2 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score1.s_id 
	AND score1.s_id = score2.s_id # student, score1, score2 表连接的条件是它们的 s_id 均相等
	AND score1.c_id = '01' 
	AND score2.c_id = '02' 
	AND score1.s_score > score2.s_score;

3.2.SQL 02——查询”01″课程比”02″课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数

SELECT
	student.*,
	score1.s_score 
FROM
	student,
	score AS score1,
	score AS score2 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score1.s_id 
	AND score1.s_id = score2.s_id # student, score1, score2 表连接的条件是它们的 s_id 均相等
	AND score1.c_id = '01' 
	AND score2.c_id = '02' 
	AND score1.s_score  score2.s_score;

3.3.SQL 03——查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号、学生姓名和平均成绩

# 1.创建临时表 ss
EXPLAIN SELECT
	student.s_id,
	student.s_name,
	ss.avg_score 
FROM
	student,
	(SELECT s_id, AVG(s_score) AS avg_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id) AS ss 
WHERE
	student.s_id = ss.s_id 
	AND ss.avg_score >= 60;

# 2.先进行内连接，然后再分组
SELECT
	student.s_id,
	s_name,
	round(AVG(score.s_score), 2) as avg_score
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id 
GROUP BY
	student.s_id,
	s_name 
HAVING
	AVG(score.s_score) >= 60

3.4.✨SQL 04——查询平均成绩小于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩（包括有成绩的和无成绩的）

# isnull(exper) 判断 exper 是否为空，是则返回 1，否则返回 0
# ifnull(exper1, exper2) 判断 exper1 是否为空，是则用 exper2 代替
# nullif(exper1, exper2) 如果 expr1 = expr2 成立，那么返回值为 NULL，否则返回值为 expr1。
SELECT
	student.s_id,
	s_name,
	round(AVG(score.s_score), 2) as avg_score
FROM
	student
	LEFT OUTER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id 
GROUP BY
	student.s_id,
	s_name 
HAVING
	AVG(IFNULL(score.s_score,0))  60

3.5.SQL 05——查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩

SELECT
	student.s_id,
	student.s_name,
	COUNT(DISTINCT c_id) AS totalCourses,
	SUM(s_score) AS totalScores 
FROM
	student
	# 由于要查询所有的学生，故无论其是否有课程信息都要查询，所以使用 LEFT OUTER JOIN
	LEFT OUTER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id 
GROUP BY
	student.s_id,
	student.s_name;

3.6.SQL 06——查询”李”姓老师的数量

# 1.模糊查询
SELECT
	COUNT(*) 
FROM
	teacher 
WHERE
	t_name LIKE '李%'

# 2.正则表达式查询，字符 '^' 匹配以特定字符或者字符串开头的文本
SELECT
	count(*) 
FROM
	teacher 
WHERE
	t_name REGEXP '^李'

3.7.✨SQL 07——查询学过”张三”老师授课的同学的信息

# 1.使用多表连接(score, course, teacher)找到上张三老师课的同学的 s_id，然后再根据 s_id 从 student 表中查询同学信息
SELECT
	student.* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_id IN (
		SELECT
			s_id 
		FROM
			score,
			course,
			teacher 
		WHERE
			teacher.t_name = '张三' 
			AND teacher.t_id = course.t_id 
			AND course.c_id = score.c_id 
	)

# 2.多层嵌套子查询(当数据量较大时，一般不推荐使用子查询)
# 在 student 表中根据上过张三老师教的课的学生 s_id 来查询他们的信息
SELECT
	student.* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	student.s_id IN (
			# 在 score 表中根据张三老师教的课程 c_id 来查找上这些课的学生 s_id
			SELECT DISTINCT
				s_id 
			FROM
				score 
			WHERE
				score.c_id IN (
					# 在 course 表中根据张三老师的 t_id 查询他所教的课程 c_id
					SELECT 
						c_id 
					FROM 
						course 
					WHERE 
						course.t_id = (
							# 在 teacher 表中查询张三老师的 t_id
							SELECT 
								t_id 
							FROM 
								teacher 
							WHERE 
								t_name = '张三'
						)
				)
	)

3.8.SQL 08——查询没学过”张三”老师授课的同学的信息

SELECT
	student.* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	student.s_id NOT IN (
			SELECT DISTINCT
				s_id 
			FROM
				score 
			WHERE
				score.c_id IN (
					SELECT 
						c_id 
					FROM 
						course 
					WHERE 
						course.t_id = (
							SELECT 
								t_id 
							FROM 
								teacher 
							WHERE 
								t_name = '张三'
						)
				)
	)

3.9.SQL 09——查询学过编号为”01″并且也学过编号为”02″的课程的同学的信息

SELECT
	student.* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	student.s_id IN (
		SELECT
			s1.s_id 
		FROM
			score AS s1,
			score AS s2 
		WHERE
			s1.s_id = s2.s_id 
			AND s1.c_id = '01' 
			AND s2.c_id = '02' 
	)

3.10.✨SQL 10——查询学过编号为”01″但是没有学过编号为”02″的课程的同学的信息

SELECT
	stu.s_id,
	stu.s_name,
	stu.s_birth,
	stu.s_sex 
FROM
	student AS stu
	JOIN score AS sc ON stu.s_id = sc.s_id
	JOIN course AS co ON co.c_id = sc.c_id 
WHERE
	co.c_id = '01' 
	AND stu.s_id NOT IN (
		# 查询学过编号为 "02" 的课程的同学 id
		SELECT
			stu.s_id
		FROM
			student AS stu
			JOIN score AS sc ON stu.s_id = sc.s_id
			JOIN course AS co ON co.c_id = sc.c_id 
		WHERE
			co.c_id = '02' 
	)

3.11.SQL 11——查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

# 下面的课程数量 3 也可以用 (SELECT count(*) FROM course) 来代替
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_id IN (SELECT s_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id)  3)

3.12.SQL 12——查询至少有一门课与学号为”01″的同学所学相同的同学的信息

# 不包括学号为 '01' 学生自己
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_id IN (
		SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM score 
		WHERE c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id = '01') 
			  AND s_id != '01'
	)

3.13.✨SQL 13——查询和”01″号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_id IN (
		SELECT
			s_id 
		FROM
			score 
		WHERE
			# 保证学习的课程相同
			c_id IN (SELECT DISTINCT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id = '01') 
			AND s_id != '01' 
		GROUP BY
			s_id 
		HAVING
			# 保证学习的课程数量相同
			count(c_id) = (select count(*) from score where s_id = '01')
	)

3.14.SQL 14——查询没学过”张三”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

SELECT
	s_name 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_id NOT IN (
		# 查询学习过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生 id
		SELECT
			s_id 
		FROM
			score 
		WHERE
			c_id IN ( 
				# 查询由姓名为张三的老师所讲授的课程 id
				SELECT
					c_id 
				FROM
					course 
				WHERE
					t_id IN (SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三')
			)
	)

3.15.✨SQL 15——查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

SELECT
	stu.s_id,
	stu.s_name,
	tmp_t.avg_score 
FROM
	student AS stu
	INNER JOIN 
		(
			SELECT 
				s_id, 
				round(avg(s_score), 2) AS avg_score 
			FROM 
				score 
			WHERE 
				s_score  60 
			GROUP BY 
				s_id 
			HAVING 
				count(s_score) >= 2
		) AS tmp_t 
	ON 
		stu.s_id = tmp_t.s_id

3.16.SQL 16——检索”01″课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

SELECT
	stu.* 
FROM
	student AS stu
	INNER JOIN score ON stu.s_id = score.s_id 
WHERE
	c_id = '01' 
	AND 
	s_score  60 
ORDER BY
	s_score DESC

3.17.SQL 17——按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT
	s_id,
	max(CASE c_id WHEN '01' THEN s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '01',
	max(CASE c_id WHEN '02' THEN s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '02',
	max(CASE c_id WHEN '03' THEN s_score ELSE 0 END) AS '03',
	avg(s_score) AS avg_score 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	s_id 
ORDER BY
	avg_score DESC

3.18.✨SQL 18——查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程名称，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率。及格为 60-70，中等为 71-80，优良为 81-90，优秀为 >= 91。

SELECT
	sc.c_id AS "课程ID",
	c.c_name AS '课程名称',
	MAX(sc.s_score) AS "最高分",
	MIN(sc.s_score) AS '最低分',
	AVG(sc.s_score) AS '平均分',
	SUM(IF (sc.s_score BETWEEN 60 AND 70, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '及格率',
	SUM(IF (sc.s_score BETWEEN 71 AND 80, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '中等率',
	SUM(IF (sc.s_score BETWEEN 81 AND 90, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '优良率',
	SUM(IF (sc.s_score >= 91, 1, 0)) / COUNT(*) as '优秀率' 
FROM
	score AS sc
	JOIN course AS c ON sc.c_id = c.c_id 
GROUP BY
	sc.c_id

3.19.✨SQL 19——按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名，成绩重复时合并名次

SELECT
	sc1.c_id,
	sc1.s_id,
	sc1.s_score,
	count(sc2.s_score) + 1 AS rank 
FROM
	score AS sc1 LEFT JOIN score AS sc2 
	ON sc1.s_score  sc2.s_score
	   AND sc1.c_id = sc2.c_id 
GROUP BY
	sc1.c_id,
	sc1.s_id,
	sc1.s_score 
ORDER BY
	sc1.c_id,
	rank

3.20.✨SQL 20——查询学生的总成绩并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺

SELECT
    stu.s_id,
    stu.s_name,
    total_score,
    (
			SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT total_score) 
			FROM (SELECT SUM(s_score) AS total_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id) AS sub 
			WHERE total_score >= tmp.total_score
		) AS rank
FROM
    student as stu
    INNER JOIN (
        SELECT
            s_id,
            SUM(s_score) AS total_score
        FROM
            score
        GROUP BY
            s_id
    ) AS tmp ON stu.s_id = tmp.s_id
ORDER BY
    total_score DESC;

3.21.SQL 21——查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分，并从高到低显示

SELECT
	teacher.t_id,
	t_name,
	round(avg(s_score), 2) AS avg_score 
FROM
	teacher,
	course,
	score 
WHERE
	teacher.t_id = course.t_id 
	AND course.c_id = score.c_id 
GROUP BY
	teacher.t_id,
	t_name,
	score.c_id 
ORDER BY
	avg(score.s_score) DESC

3.22.SQL 22——查询所有课程的成绩第 2 名到第 3 名的学生信息及该课程成绩

# 1.分别对每门课程进行查询，然后再合并查询结果，但是如果课程太多，该方法就不太合适
SELECT
	t1.* 
FROM
	(
		SELECT
			st.*,
			c.c_id,
			c.c_name,
			sc.s_score 
		FROM
			student st
			LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
			INNER JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id 
			AND c.c_id = "01" 
		ORDER BY
			sc.s_score DESC 
			LIMIT 1,
			2 
	) as t1

UNION ALL

SELECT
	t2.* 
FROM
	(
		SELECT
			st.*,
			c.c_id,
			c.c_name,
			sc.s_score 
		FROM
			student st
			LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
			INNER JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id 
			AND c.c_id = "02" 
		ORDER BY
			sc.s_score DESC 
			LIMIT 1,
			2 
	) as t2

UNION ALL

SELECT
	t3.* 
FROM
	(
		SELECT
			st.*,
			c.c_id,
			c.c_name,
			sc.s_score 
		FROM
			student st
			LEFT JOIN score sc ON sc.s_id = st.s_id
			INNER JOIN course c ON c.c_id = sc.c_id 
			AND c.c_id = "03" 
		ORDER BY
			sc.s_score DESC 
			LIMIT 1,
			2 
	) as t3

# 2.一次性查询，需要注意的是 row_number() 在 MySQL 8.0 中才支持
SELECT
	c_id,
	student.*,
	s_score 
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN (
			SELECT 
				s_id, 
				s_score, 
				c_id, 
				row_number() over (PARTITION BY c_id ORDER BY s_score DESC) AS rank 
			FROM 
				score
	) AS tmp_t ON tmp_t.s_id = student.s_id 
WHERE
	tmp_t.rank IN (2, 3)

3.23.✨SQL 23——统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[0-60]及所占百分比

SELECT
	score.c_id,
	course.c_name,
	sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 0 AND 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[0-60]人数',
	sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 61 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[61-70]人数',
	sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 71 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[71-85]人数',
	sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 86 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[86-100]人数',
	round(sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 0 AND 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(*), 2) AS '[0-60]人数所占百分比',
	round(sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 61 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(*), 2) AS '[61-70]人数所占百分比',
	round(sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 71 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(*), 2) AS '[71-85]人数所占百分比',
	round(sum(CASE WHEN s_score BETWEEN 86 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(*), 2) AS '[86-100]人数所占百分比' 
FROM
	score LEFT JOIN course 
	ON score.c_id = course.c_id 
GROUP BY
	score.c_id,
	course.c_name

3.24.SQL 24——查询学生平均成绩及其名次

# 在 MySQL 8 中可以使用 rank 函数来实现排名
SELECT
    stu.s_id,
    stu.s_name,
    round(avg(sc.s_score), 2) AS average_score,
    (
		SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT avg_score) 
		FROM (SELECT AVG(s_score) AS avg_score FROM score GROUP BY s_id) AS sub 
		WHERE avg_score >= AVG(sc.s_score)
	) AS rank
FROM
    student as stu
    INNER JOIN score as sc ON stu.s_id = sc.s_id
GROUP BY
    stu.s_id,
    stu.s_name
ORDER BY
    average_score DESC;

3.25.SQL 25——查询各科成绩前三名的记录

# 1.分别对每科进行查询，然后再合并查询结果，但是如果课程太多，该方法就不太合适
(SELECT c_id, s_score FROM score WHERE c_id = '01' ORDER BY s_score DESC LIMIT 3) UNION ALL
(SELECT c_id, s_score FROM score WHERE c_id = '02' ORDER BY s_score DESC LIMIT 3) UNION ALL
(SELECT c_id, s_score FROM score WHERE c_id = '03' ORDER BY s_score DESC LIMIT 3)

# 2.一次性查询出结果
SELECT DISTINCT
	tmp_t.c_id,
	tmp_t.s_score 
FROM
	(
		SELECT DISTINCT
			student.*,
			sc1.c_id,
			sc1.s_score,
			count(DISTINCT sc2.s_score) + 1 AS rank 
		FROM
			score AS sc1
			LEFT JOIN score AS sc2 ON sc1.c_id = sc2.c_id 
			AND sc1.s_score  sc2.s_score
			LEFT JOIN student ON sc1.s_id = student.s_id 
		GROUP BY
			sc1.c_id,
			sc1.s_id 
		ORDER BY
			sc1.c_id,
			sc1.s_score DESC 
	) AS tmp_t 
WHERE
	tmp_t.rank BETWEEN 1 AND 3

3.26.SQL 26——查询每门课程被选修的学生数

SELECT
	c_id,
	count( s_id ) AS '选修该门课程的学生数' 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	c_id

3.27.SQL 27——查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名

SELECT
	student.s_id,
	student.s_name 
FROM
	student,
	score 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score.s_id 
GROUP BY
	s_id 
HAVING
	count(c_id) = 2

3.28.SQL 28——查询男生、女生人数

SELECT
	sum(CASE WHEN s_sex = '男' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) AS '男生人数',
	sum(CASE WHEN s_sex = '女' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) AS '女生人数' 
FROM
	student

3.29.SQL 29——查询名字中含有”风”字的学生信息

# 1.使用模糊匹配
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_name LIKE '%风%'

# 2.使用正则表达式
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_name REGEXP '风'

在 MySQL 中，LIKE 操作符用于在文本字段中搜索特定的模式。如果需要在文本字段中匹配通配符本身，可以使用反斜杠字符转义通配符。例如，如果要在一个名为 ’mytable’ 的表中查找包含下划线字符的字符串，可以使用以下查询：
SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE mycolumn LIKE '%_%' ESCAPE '';
在上面的查询中，ESCAPE 关键字指定了转义字符为反斜杠，因此我们在通配符前添加了一个反斜杠字符。这将告诉 MySQL 仅匹配下划线字符本身，而不是作为通配符进行匹配。

3.30.✨SQL 30——查询同姓名同性别学生名单，并统计同名人数

SELECT
	stu1.s_name,
	tmp_t.cnt AS '同名人数' 
FROM
	student AS stu1
	LEFT JOIN (
		SELECT s_name, s_sex, count(*) AS cnt 
		FROM student 
		GROUP BY s_name, s_sex
	) AS tmp_t 
	ON stu1.s_name = tmp_t.s_name AND stu1.s_sex = tmp_t.s_sex 
WHERE
	tmp_t.cnt > 1

3.31.SQL 31——查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

# 1.使用模糊匹配
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_birth LIKE '1990%'

# 2.使用正则表达式
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_birth REGEXP '^1990'

3.32.✨SQL 32——查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

SELECT
	score.c_id,
	course.c_name,
	round(avg(s_score), 2) AS avg_score 
FROM
	score, course
where score.c_id = course.c_id
GROUP BY
	c_id
ORDER BY
	avg_score DESC,
	c_id ASC

3.33.SQL 33——查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
	student.s_id,
	student.s_name,
	round(avg(s_score), 2) AS '平均成绩' 
FROM
	student
	INNER JOIN score ON student.s_id = score.s_id 
GROUP BY
	score.s_id,
	student.s_id,
	student.s_name 
HAVING
	avg(score.s_score) > 85

3.34.SQL 34——查询课程名称为”数学”，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

SELECT
	s_name,
	s_score 
FROM
	student,
	score 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score.s_id 
	AND c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE c_name = '数学') 
	AND s_score  60

3.35.SQL 35——查询所有学生的课程及分数情况

SELECT
	student.s_id,
	student.s_name,
	course.c_name,
	score.s_score 
FROM
	student,
	course,
	score 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score.s_id 
	AND score.c_id = course.c_id 
ORDER BY
	s_id

3.36.SQL 36——查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT
	student.s_name,
	course.c_name,
	score.s_score 
FROM
	student,
	score,
	course 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score.s_id 
	AND score.c_id = course.c_id 
	AND s_score > 70

3.37.SQL 37——查询不及格的课程的学生姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT
	student.s_name,
	course.c_name,
	score.s_score 
FROM
	student,
	score,
	course 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score.s_id 
	AND score.c_id = course.c_id 
	AND s_score  60

3.38.SQL 38——查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT 
	student.s_id, 
	s_name 
FROM 
	student, 
	score 
WHERE 
	student.s_id = score.s_id 
	AND c_id = '01' 
	AND s_score >= 80

3.39.SQL 39——求每门课程的学生人数

SELECT
	c_name,
	count(s_id) AS '学生人数' 
FROM
	score,
	course 
WHERE
	score.c_id = course.c_id 
GROUP BY
	score.c_id

3.40.✨SQL 40——查询选修”张三”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

# 这里默认的是一门老师只教授一门课程
SELECT
	student.*,
	score.s_score 
FROM
	student,
	score 
WHERE
	student.s_id = score.s_id 
	AND c_id IN (SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE t_id IN (SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三')) 
ORDER BY
	s_score DESC 
	LIMIT 1

3.41.SQL 41——查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

SELECT
	sc1.s_id,
	sc1.c_id,
	sc2.c_id,
	sc1.s_score,
	sc2.s_score 
FROM
	score AS sc1,
	score AS sc2 
WHERE
	sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id 
	AND sc1.s_score = sc2.s_score 
	AND sc1.c_id != sc2.c_id

3.42.✨SQL 42——查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名

SELECT
	sc1.c_id,
	sc1.s_id,
	count(sc2.s_score) + 1 AS rank 
FROM
	score AS sc1
	LEFT JOIN score AS sc2 ON sc1.c_id = sc2.c_id 
	AND sc1.s_score  sc2.s_score 
GROUP BY
	sc1.c_id,
	sc1.s_score,
	sc1.s_id 
HAVING
	count(sc2.s_score)  2 
ORDER BY
	sc1.c_id,
	rank

3.43.SQL 43——统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计），要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

SELECT 
	c_id, 
	count(*) AS '选修人数' 
FROM 
	score 
GROUP BY 
	c_id 
HAVING 
	count(*) > 5 
ORDER BY
	'选修人数' DESC,
	c_id ASC

3.44.SQL 44——查询至少选修两门课程的学生学号

SELECT s_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id) >= 2

3.45.SQL 45——查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	# SELECT count(*) FROM course) 查询的是总课程的数量
	s_id IN (SELECT s_id FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING count(c_id) = (SELECT count(*) FROM course))

3.46.✨SQL 46——查询各学生的年龄

# 1.按照年份来计算
SELECT
	s_id,
	s_name,
	(YEAR(now()) - YEAR(s_birth)) AS age 
FROM
	student

/*
2.使用 timestampdiff()
(1) TIMESTAMPDIFF(): 第一个参数设置时间单位，可以精确到年(YEAR)、天(DAY)、小时(HOUR)，分钟(MINUTE)和秒(SECOND)。对于比较
	的两个时间，时间小的放在前面，时间大的放在后面。
(3) datediff(): 返回值是相差的天数，无法定位到小时、分钟和秒。
*/
SELECT
	s_id,
	s_name,
	timestampdiff(YEAR, s_birth, now()) AS age 
FROM
	student

3.47.SQL 47——查询本周过生日的学生

# week(时间): 默认从 0 开始，表示星期天为一个星期的第一天，国外算法
# week(时间, 1): 从 1 开始，表示星期一为一个星期的第一天，国内算法
SELECT
	s_id,
	s_name 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	WEEK (s_birth) = WEEK (now(), 1)

3.48.SQL 48——查询下周过生日的学生

SELECT
	s_id,
	s_name 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	WEEK (s_birth) = WEEK (now(), 1) + 1

3.49.SQL 49——查询本月过生日的学生

SELECT
	s_id,
	s_name 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	MONTH (s_birth) = MONTH (now())

3.50.SQL 50——查询下月过生日的学生

SELECT 
    s_id, 
    s_name 
FROM 
    student 
WHERE 
    (MONTH(s_birth) = (((MONTH(NOW()) + 12) % 12) + 1))

目录