ElasticSearch系列 – SpringBoot整合ES：组合多个查询条件 bool 查询

Posted on by hackdl

文章目录

      • 01. ElasticSearch 布尔查询是什么？
      • 02. ElasticSearch 布尔查询有哪些类型？
      • 03. ElasticSearch bool must 组合多个查询条件？
      • 04. ElasticSearch bool should 组合多个查询条件？
      • 05. ElasticSearch bool must_not 组合多个查询条件？
      • 06. ElasticSearch bool 组合多个查询条件？
      • 07. ElasticSearch bool 过滤器是否支持嵌套查询？
      • 08. ElasticSearch bool must 组合多个查询条件?
      • 09. SpringBoot整合ES实现bool查询

01. ElasticSearch 布尔查询是什么？

在实际应用中，我们很有可能会查询多个值或字段。 一个 bool 查询由三部分组成：

{
   "bool" : {
      "must" :     [],
      "should" :   [],
      "must_not" : [],
   }
}

must：所有的语句都必须（must） 匹配，与 AND 等价。

must_not：所有的语句都不能（must not）匹配，与 NOT 等价。

should：至少有一个语句要匹配，与 OR 等价。

02. ElasticSearch 布尔查询有哪些类型？

Elasticsearch布尔查询有三种类型：must查询、should查询和must_not查询。

① must查询：所有的查询条件都必须匹配才能返回文档。如果有任何一个查询条件不匹配，则该文档将被排除。

② should查询：至少有一个查询条件匹配时就可以返回文档。如果所有的查询条件都不匹配，则该文档将被排除。should查询可以设置一个minimum_should_match参数，用于指定至少需要匹配多少个查询条件才能返回文档。

③ must_not查询：所有的查询条件都必须不匹配才能返回文档。如果有任何一个查询条件匹配，则该文档将被排除。

这些布尔查询类型可以组合在一起，以便更精确地过滤文档。例如，您可以使用bool查询来组合多个must查询和should查询，以便同时满足多个查询条件。

03. ElasticSearch bool must 组合多个查询条件？

must查询：所有的查询条件都必须匹配才能返回文档。如果有任何一个查询条件不匹配，则该文档将被排除。

① 索引文档，构造数据：

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "createTime":{
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
      },
      "tag":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "integer"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
  "tag": "tag1",
  "price": 10
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:35:11",
  "tag": "tag2",
  "price": 20
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/3
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:38:11",
  "tag": "tag3",
  "price": 30
}

② 查询 tag 字段值为 tag1 并且 price 字段的值在10到20之间的文档，两个条件同时满足的文档才会返回：

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "term": {
            "tag": {
              "value": "tag1"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 10,
              "lte": 20
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

04. ElasticSearch bool should 组合多个查询条件？

should查询：至少有一个查询条件匹配时就可以返回文档。如果所有的查询条件都不匹配，则该文档将被排除。should查询可以设置一个minimum_should_match参数，用于指定至少需要匹配多少个查询条件才能返回文档。

① 索引文档，构造数据：

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "createTime":{
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
      },
      "tag":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "integer"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
  "tag": "tag1",
  "price": 10
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:35:11",
  "tag": "tag2",
  "price": 20
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/3
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:38:11",
  "tag": "tag3",
  "price": 30
}

② 查询 tag 字段值为 tag1 或者 price 字段的值在10到20之间的文档，两个条件只要有一个满足的文档就会返回：

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "tag": {
              "value": "tag1"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 10,
              "lte": 20
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 13,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.9808292,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.9808292,
        "_source" : {
          "createTime" : "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
          "tag" : "tag1",
          "price" : 10
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "createTime" : "2023-03-29 10:35:11",
          "tag" : "tag2",
          "price" : 20
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

③ 在ElasticSearch的Bool查询中，可以使用should查询来指定多个查询条件，表示至少有一个条件必须匹配。同时，可以使用minimum_should_match参数来指定至少有多少个条件必须匹配。

查询 tag 字段值为 tag1 或者 price 字段的值在10到20之间的文档，并且至少有两个条件必须匹配：

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "tag": {
              "value": "tag1"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 10,
              "lte": 20
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 2
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 6,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.9808292,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.9808292,
        "_source" : {
          "createTime" : "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
          "tag" : "tag1",
          "price" : 10
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

05. ElasticSearch bool must_not 组合多个查询条件？

must_not查询：所有的查询条件都必须不匹配才能返回文档。如果有任何一个查询条件匹配，则该文档将被排除。

① 索引文档，构造数据：

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "createTime":{
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
      },
      "tag":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "integer"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
  "tag": "tag1",
  "price": 10
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:35:11",
  "tag": "tag2",
  "price": 20
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/3
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:38:11",
  "tag": "tag3",
  "price": 30
}

② 查询 tag 字段不等于tag1 并且 price 字段的值不在10到20之间的文档：

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "term": {
            "tag": {
              "value": "tag1"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 10,
              "lte": 20
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 14,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 0.0,
        "_source" : {
          "createTime" : "2023-03-29 10:38:11",
          "tag" : "tag3",
          "price" : 30
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

06. ElasticSearch bool 组合多个查询条件？

① 索引文档，构造数据：

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "createTime":{
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
      },
      "tag":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "integer"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
  "tag": "tag1",
  "price": 10
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:35:11",
  "tag": "tag2",
  "price": 20
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/3
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:38:11",
  "tag": "tag3",
  "price": 30
}

② 查询 tag 字段的值不为tag1 ，且createTime的值为”2023-03-29 10:38:11″，或者 price 字段的值在10到20之间的文档：

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "term": {
            "tag": {
              "value": "tag1"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "should": [
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 10,
              "lte": 20
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "must": [
        {
          "term": {
            "createTime": {
              "value": "2023-03-29 10:38:11"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "createTime" : "2023-03-29 10:38:11",
          "tag" : "tag3",
          "price" : 30
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

07. ElasticSearch bool 过滤器是否支持嵌套查询？

① 构造数据：

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "createTime":{
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
      },
      "tag":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "price":{
        "type": "integer"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
  "tag": "tag1",
  "price": 10
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:35:11",
  "tag": "tag2",
  "price": 20
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/3
{
  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:38:11",
  "tag": "tag3",
  "price": 30
}

② 执行 bool 嵌套查询：

条件1：tag字段的值为tag2

条件2：price 字段的值为10 并且 createTime 字段的值为 “2023-03-29 10:30:11”

条件1 和 条件2 为或的关系

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "term": {
            "tag": "tag2"
          }
        },
        {
          "bool": {
            "must": [
              {
                "term": {
                  "price": 10
                }
              },
              {
                "term": {
                  "createTime": "2023-03-29 10:30:11" 
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

外部的 bool 查询中 term 和 bool 查询是兄弟关系，他们都处于外层的布尔逻辑 should 的内部，返回的命中文档至少须匹配其中一个过查询的条件。内部的 bool 查询中的两个 term 语句作为兄弟关系，同时处于 must 语句之中，所以返回的命中文档要必须都能同时匹配这两个条件。

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 2.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 2.0,
        "_source" : {
          "createTime" : "2023-03-29 10:30:11",
          "tag" : "tag1",
          "price" : 10
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.9808292,
        "_source" : {
          "createTime" : "2023-03-29 10:35:11",
          "tag" : "tag2",
          "price" : 20
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

08. ElasticSearch bool must 组合多个查询条件?

① 构造数据：

PUT /my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "price":{
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "title":{
        "type": "text"
      },
      "content":{
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/1
{
  "title": "金都时尚情侣浪漫主题酒店",
  "content": "山东省青岛市",
  "price": 300
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/2
{
  "title": "金都嘉怡假日酒店",
  "content": "北京市",
  "price": 400
}

PUT /my_index/_doc/3
{
  "title": "金都欣欣24小时酒店",
  "content": "安徽省淮北市",
  "price": 200
}

② match 查询

GET  /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "嘉怡"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "content": "北京"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 18,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 3.845211,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 3.845211,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "金都嘉怡假日酒店",
          "content" : "北京市",
          "price" : 400
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

③ match 查询和 term 查询

GET  /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "title": "嘉怡"
          }
        },
        {
          "term": {
            "price": 400
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 7,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 3.1105196,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "my_index",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 3.1105196,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "金都嘉怡假日酒店",
          "content" : "北京市",
          "price" : 400
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

09. SpringBoot整合ES实现bool查询

GET /my_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "term": {
            "tag": {
              "value": "tag1"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "should": [
        {
          "range": {
            "price": {
              "gte": 10,
              "lte": 20
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "must": [
        {
          "term": {
            "createTime": {
              "value": "2023-03-29 10:38:11"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchImpl {

    @Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;

    public void searchUser() throws IOException {
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

        // bool 查询
        BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = new BoolQueryBuilder();

        // must_not
        TermQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = new TermQueryBuilder("tag","tag1");
        boolQueryBuilder.mustNot(termQueryBuilder);

        // should
        RangeQueryBuilder rangeQueryBuilder = new RangeQueryBuilder("price");
        rangeQueryBuilder.gte(10);
        rangeQueryBuilder.lte(20);
        boolQueryBuilder.should(rangeQueryBuilder);

        // must
        termQueryBuilder = new TermQueryBuilder("createTime","2023-03-29 10:38:11");
        boolQueryBuilder.must(termQueryBuilder);

        searchSourceBuilder.query(boolQueryBuilder);

        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(new String[]{"my_index"},searchSourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(searchResponse);
    }
}

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